A group of disorders that includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract. IBD occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the digestive system, leading to swelling, irritation, and damage.
The two main types of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. While these conditions affect the digestive tract differently, they share many symptoms and treatment approaches.
Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. It most commonly affects the lower portion of the small intestine and may occur in patches with healthy areas in between.
Ulcerative colitis affects only the large intestine (colon). Inflammation is continuous and begins in the rectum, extending upward through the colon.
IBD is a lifelong condition, but with ongoing treatment and monitoring, many people can successfully manage symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.
Symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease
Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may come and go over time. Periods when symptoms worsen are called flares or active disease.
Common symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Chronic diarrhea
- Blood in the stool
- Urgent bowel movements
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Joint pain or swelling
- Mouth sores
- Nighttime diarrhea
Diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease
Your provider will review your symptoms, medical history, and overall health. Additional testing may be recommended to confirm a diagnosis and determine the type and severity of IBD.
Testing may include:
- Blood tests
- Stool tests
- Colonoscopy
- Upper endoscopy
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy
- Capsule endoscopy
- MRI or CT imaging
- Intestinal ultrasound
These tests help evaluate inflammation and allow providers to examine the digestive tract more closely.
Treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
Treatment for IBD focuses on reducing inflammation, controlling symptoms, achieving remission, and preventing complications.
Treatment plans are individualized based on the type of IBD, disease severity, and your overall health needs.
Treatment options may include:
- Oral medications
- Biologic medications
- Immunomodulators
- Corticosteroids
- Surgery or procedures when needed
Biologic medications and immunomodulators work by targeting or calming the immune system to help reduce inflammation.
Steroids may be used short-term to help control flares.
In some cases, surgery may be recommended if medications are no longer effective or complications develop.
Ongoing monitoring and follow-up care
IBD requires ongoing care and regular follow-up visits to monitor symptoms, evaluate treatment effectiveness, and adjust medications when needed.
Your provider may recommend routine lab work, imaging, or repeat procedures to monitor inflammation and overall digestive health.
Living with inflammatory bowel disease
Living with IBD can affect many areas of daily life, including nutrition, energy levels, and emotional well-being. Many people benefit from:
- Identifying foods that may trigger symptoms
- Managing stress
- Staying consistent with medications and follow-up care
- Working with a dietitian when needed
- Seeking emotional or mental health support
- Connecting with support groups or community resources
With ongoing care and treatment, many people with IBD can successfully manage their condition and maintain an active lifestyle.
Contact us
If you have questions about inflammatory bowel disease or treatment options, please contact our office at 612-871-1145.
For More Information
Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America
http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/
888.MY.GUT.PAIN (888.694.8872)
